Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement

Year:2006 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Eastern Sudan Front (ESF) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Comment: In Chapter One "Political Issues", Article 6 "Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms" the parties commit to respect Human Rights. In Chapter Two "Economic, Social and Cultural Issues", Article 22 "Strategic Objectives" the parties fixe as fundamental objectives of the development in Eastern Sudan the return and rehabilitation of displaced persons as well as the guarantee that all the development programs address specific needs of women. In Chapter Three "Comprehensive Ceasefire and Final Security Arrangements", Article 25 "General Principles", § 86 the parties reaffirm their respect for Human Rights. In Article 25 "Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement", § 91 (b) the parties agree to protect civilians from acts of violence. Several times the parties affirm that special measures shall be taken to ensure women's participation.

Sudan Peace Agreement

Year:1997 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA), United Democratic Salvation Front (UDSF), Equatoria Defence Force (EDF), South Sudan Independents Group (SSIG), South Sudan Independence Movement (SSIM), Union of Sudan African Parties (USAP) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: See notably Chapter Three "Political Issues", the article on Fundamental Rights and Freedoms.

N’Djamena Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement

Year:2004 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), Sudan Liberation Movement/Sudan Liberation Army (SLM/SLA) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Comment: Article 2 prohibits the laying of mines as well as acts of violence against the civilian populations and any act of sabotage, any restriction on the freedom of movement. Furthermore, it engages the parties to mark minefields and to ensure humanitarian access. In Article 5 the parties agree to free all prisoners of war and all persons deprived of their liberty because of the war. In Article 8 the parties agree to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance to displaced persons and civilian victims of war.

N’Djamena Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian Assistance

Year:2004 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), Sudan Liberation Movement/Sudan Liberation Army (SLM/SLA) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Protocol between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) on the Resolution of Conflict in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile States

Year:2004 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Comment: This is an Annex to the Machakos Protocol (and can also be found in the database under "Machakos Protocol")

Notably Article 1 "General principles" § 1, in which the parties agree that "Human Rights and fundamental freedoms shall be guaranteed".

Protocol between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) on Power Sharing

Year:2004 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: This is an Annex to the Machakos Protocol, and also appears under "Machakos Protocol" in the Database.
See notably Article 1.6 on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

Protocol between the Government of the Sudan (GOS) the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) on the Enhancement of the Security Situation in Darfur in Accordance with the N'Djamena Agreement

Year:2004 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan Liberation Movement/Sudan Liberation Army (SLM/SLA), Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Memorandum of Understanding on Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army

Year:2002 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: Article 3 prohibits the laying of landmines and all acts of violence against the civilian population.
In Article 5, the parties agree to allow unimpeded humanitarian access.

See also: "Addendum to the memorandum of understanding on cessation of hostilities between the Govenment of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLA/M)"

Agreement on the Implementation of Principles Governing the Protection and Provision of Humanitarian Assistance to War Affected Civilian Populations

Year:1999 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Constitution of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement

Year:2008 Type of document:Internal Rules and Regulations ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: Especially Chapter II "Guiding Principles and Objectives of the SPLM" and Chapter IV "Gender and Affirmative Action" on the rights of women.

Manifesto of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement

Year:2008 Type of document:Unilateral Declarations and Statements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: Especially Chapter IV " The New Sudan: Polity, Culture and Society, and Economy" (dealing mainly with issues of human rights)

Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities

Year:2004 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: Part I - Ceasefire Arrangements
Part II - The Armed Forces
Part III - Demobilization, Disarmament, and Re-Integration

Among other provisions of interest, see
Article 1.8: the parties commit to release POWs and persons deprived of their liberty as a result of war.
Article 1.9: reference is made to the role of the ICRC in organizing prisoner release.
Article 5 "Principles of the Ceasefire" :the parties agree to cease the laying of mines and the use of force against civilians.
Article 8: further provisions on landmines and related weapons and on humanitarian mine action as well as on other humanitarian activities.
Article 10: enumerates acts which constitute violations to the agreement such as "violations of human rights, humanitarian law and obstruction of freedom of movement", sabotage and the "recruitment of child soldiers".

See also in the Database, "Machakos Protocol," and in Particular, "Agreement on Security Arrangements During the Interim Period, 25 September 2003."

Machakos Protocol

Year:2002 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: Annexed to this agreement are:
The Protocol on Power Sharing (26 May 2004);
The Agreement on Wealth Sharing during the Pre-Interim and Interim Period (7 January 2004);
The Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict (26 May 2004);
The Protocol on the Resolution of Conflict in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile States (26 May 2004);
The Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period (25 September 2003).

They are also included in the database as separate documents.

In addition, see the Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities

Prohibiting Recruitment

Year:2012 Type of document:Internal Rules and Regulations ANSA:Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Establishment of a JEM Committee for Human Rights

Year:2010 Type of document:Internal Rules and Regulations ANSA:Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Comment: Annexed to JEM's submission to the publication of Geneva Call "In Their Words: Perspectives of Armed non-State Actors on the Protection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict".

Submission of the JEM to the Geneva Call publication "In Their Words: Perspectives of Armed non-State Actors on the Protection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict"

Year:2010 Type of document:Unilateral Declarations and Statements ANSA:Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Fifteen-Point Programme of the SPLM

Year:1998 Type of document:Unilateral Declarations and Statements ANSA:Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) Country / Territory:Sudan, South Sudan PDF:English

Comment: See notably Point 10 "Resettlement of Internally Displaced People and Refugees" and Point 13 "International Cooperation and Human Rights".

Agreement to Create a Conducive Atmosphere for Peace

Year:2006 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Eastern Sudan Front (ESF) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Comment: In Paragraph 3, Point 2 the parties confirm to refrain "from all acts of violence against civilians, as well as threats directed at them and their forceful displacement". In Paragraph 4 (b) they commit to release all POWs, as well as persons deprived of their liberty because of war.

Protocol between the Government of the Sudan (GOS) the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army) (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur

Year:2004 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Sudan Liberation Movement/Sudan Liberation Army (SLM/SLA), Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English

Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Conflict in Eastern Sudan

Year:2006 Type of document:Agreements ANSA:Eastern Sudan Front (ESF) Country / Territory:Sudan PDF:English